Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso, chitukuko cha kusungira mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali chakhala chizolowezi, ndipo njira zaukadaulo zosungira mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali makamaka zimaphatikizapo kusungirako komwe kumapopedwa, kusungirako kutentha kwa mchere wosungunuka, kusungirako madzi, kusungirako mpweya wopanikizika, ndi kusungirako kwa haidrojeni m'magulu asanu. Pa gawoli, kugwiritsa ntchito kusungirako komwe kumapopedwa ndikwabwino kwambiri, koma ubwino wa kusungirako mphamvu kwa mpweya wopanikizika ndi waukulu, kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, mtengo wotsika, kuteteza chilengedwe komanso kuyeretsa, ndipo kumatha kuchotsa zoletsa za malo, zikuyembekezeka kukhala zowonjezera kusungirako komwe kumapopedwa.
Kusungira mphamvu ya mpweya wopanikizika ndi gawo la malo osungira mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kumatha kuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa maola 4 kapena masiku, miyezi yodzaza ndi kutulutsa mphamvu, poyang'anira kusinthasintha kwatsopano kwa kupanga mphamvu m'malo mwa zabwino zazikulu.
Malinga ndi mawu oyamba a XuYuJie, mkulu wa bungwe la sayansi la sayansi la sayansi ya thermophysics, yemwe ndi katswiri wa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha malo osungira mphamvu ku China, m'tsogolomu, mphamvu ya dziko lathu ndi mtundu watsopano wa mphamvu zatsopano monga mphamvu yayikulu, ndi mphamvu ya mphepo, mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndi mphamvu zina zongowonjezwdwa zomwe zimapangitsa mphamvu kusinthasintha komanso nthawi zina, ngati zikupezeka kwambiri pa gridi yamagetsi, zidzabweretsa zoopsa zachitetezo. Pakadali pano, kufunika kwa njira yosungira mphamvu ngati zinthu zosinthika zowongolera mphamvu yamagetsi. Kusunga mphamvu ya mpweya wopanikizika ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.
"Ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu zamagetsi mumlengalenga wopanikizika si watsopano, ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wosungira mphamvu zamagetsi mumlengalenga wopanikizika wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Germany, United States kwa zaka zambiri, koma ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wosungira mphamvu zamagetsi mumlengalenga wopanikizika umadalira mafuta, kufunikira kwa mapanga akuluakulu achilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu zosungira mphamvu ndi kochepa komanso mavuto ena, kukwezedwa kwakukulu nthawi zonse kumakhala kochepa." Xu Yujie adati njira yosungira mphamvu zamagetsi mumlengalenga wopanikizika ku China imabwezeretsanso kutentha kokakamizidwa, sikugwiritsanso ntchito mafuta, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana monga zida zosungira pamwamba pa nthaka, zipinda zopangira ndi mapanga achilengedwe apansi panthaka kuti amange zipinda zosungiramo zinthu. Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi imawongolera kwambiri momwe mphamvu zimagwirira ntchito.
Pakadali pano, pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu zamagetsi wopangidwa ndi 100 MW, China yamanga malo oyamba padziko lonse lapansi owonetsera mphamvu zamagetsi zopangidwa ndi 100 MW, ndipo yalumikizidwa bwino ku gridi kuti ipange magetsi. Malo opangira magetsiwa ali ku Zhangbei County, Hebei Province, ndipo dziko lonse lapansi lamangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu projekitiyi, yomwe ndi malo akuluakulu komanso abwino kwambiri opangira magetsi atsopano opangidwa ndi 132 miliyoni kWh pachaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitetezo champhamvu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi 50,000. Nthawi yomweyo, imatha kusunga matani 42,000 a malasha wamba ndikuchepetsa matani 109,000 a mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide pachaka.
Kodi ubwino wa kusungira mphamvu ya mpweya wopanikizika ndi wotani kuposa mitundu ina yatsopano yosungira mphamvu? Ponseponse, zitha kufotokozedwa mwachidule ngati zotetezeka, zokhalitsa komanso mphamvu yophulika. Choyamba, kusungira mphamvu ya mpweya wopanikizika ndi kotetezeka kwambiri. Tengani chitsanzo cha pulojekiti yosungira mphamvu ya carbon dioxide yosungunuka, chifukwa kusungunuka kwa carbon dioxide ndikosavuta, kotero kusungidwa kwake kumafuna mphamvu zochepa chabe, simuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi kusungidwa kwa mpweya wopanikizika kwambiri komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ngozi yobisika, nthawi yomweyo carbon dioxide si poizoni, siyaka komanso siphulika, chitetezo chake ndi chabwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa ndi zida zonse zamakanika, moyo wa makina osungira mphamvu ya mpweya wopanikizika ukhoza kufika zaka 30-50 pansi pa kukonzedwa kwabwinobwino. "Kusungira mphamvu ya mpweya wopanikizika ndi njira yogwirira ntchito yochokera ku kutentha, komwe kuli ndi ubwino wachilengedwe pankhani ya chitetezo ndi kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito, ndipo kumaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zosungira mphamvu zomwe zimalonjeza kwambiri." Kutengera ndi ubwino umenewu, Chen Haisheng, wofufuza ku Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, wanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosungira mphamvu zamagetsi mumlengalenga wopanikizika ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu komanso kufunikira kwakukulu pamsika kuti zolinga za dzikolo zikwaniritsidwe komanso kukonza chilengedwe.
Ndikoyenera kunena kuti mphamvu yotuluka mu malo osungira mphamvu ya mpweya wopanikizika ndi yamphamvu kwambiri. Izi zitha kugwira ntchito mwachindunji pazinthu zina zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, pankhani ya injini za dizilo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zombo zazikulu, mpweya wopanikizika nthawi zambiri umasungidwa mu thanki yopanikizika ndipo umagwira ntchito mwachindunji pa pistoni kudzera mu valavu yapadera yoyambira kuti uzungulire crankshaft isanayambe kulowetsa mafuta. Makonzedwe awa ndi ang'onoang'ono komanso otsika mtengo kuposa mota yoyambira yamagetsi ya kukula komweko, ndipo imatha kupereka mphamvu yotuluka kwambiri popanda kuyika katundu wambiri pa jenereta ndi makina ogawa sitimayo.
Pa makina osungira mphamvu zamagetsi opanikizika, China ikulimbitsanso ziwonetsero zazikulu ndi ntchito zake, ikusonkhanitsa chidziwitso pakupanga ndi kumanga ukadaulo, ndikupanga unyolo wathunthu komanso wokhwima wa mafakitale kuti upititse patsogolo ntchito yomanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-14-2023
