Nkhani - Mfundo Yobowola Madzi

A makina obowola madzi pachitsimendi mtundu wa makina opangira uinjiniya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga madzi apansi panthaka. Imabowola ndi kukumba zitsime pansi pa nthaka pozungulira mapaipi obowola ndi kubowola. Mfundo yamakina obowola chitsime chamadzi makamaka imaphatikizapo zinthu izi:

1.Drill chitoliro ndi kubowola pang'ono
Zigawo zazikulu za amakina obowola madzi pachitsimendi chitoliro choboola ndi kabowola. Chitoliro chobowola chimapangidwa ndi magawo angapo a chitoliro chobowola omwe amalumikizidwa palimodzi kuti apange chitoliro chobowola chachitali komanso champhamvu. Zobowola ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola zitsime ndi miyala yapansi panthaka. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zachitsulo ndipo amakhala ndi kuuma kwamphamvu komanso kukana kuvala.

2. Chitoliro chobowola chimatumiza mphamvu
Themakina obowola madzi pachitsimeimatumiza mphamvu kudzera pa chitoliro chobowola ndikutumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku gwero lamagetsi (nthawi zambiri injini ya dizilo) kupita ku pobowola kuti akwaniritse cholinga choboola. Kufala njira kubowola chitoliro nthawi zambiri kudzera unyolo kapena giya kufala, amene otembenuka rotational mphamvu ya injini mu mphamvu rotational chitoliro kubowola.

3.Kubowola madzimadzi
Kubowola madzimadzi ndi gawo lofunikira komanso lofunikira kwambirikuboola chitsime cha madzindondomeko. Amagwira ntchito yoziziritsa pobowola, kuyeretsa chitsime ndikuchotsa zodula zoboola. Madzi obowola amapoperedwa mu paipi yobowola ndiyeno kupopera kudzera m'mphuno zapaipi yobowola kuziziritsa pobowola ndikuyeretsa pobowola. Madzi obowola omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi matope ndi madzi. Matope nthawi zambiri amakhala osakaniza dongo, madzi ndi zowonjezera mankhwala.

4.Drilling ndondomeko
Njira yoboola amakina obowola madzi pachitsimenthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magawo awiri: kubowola ndi posungira. Gawo lobowola limatanthawuza njira yobowola chitsime pogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi obowola ndi zitsulo zobowola. Pozungulira mosalekeza chitoliro chobowola ndi pang'ono pobowola, chitoliro chobowola ndi chobowola chimabowoleredwa pamiyala yapansi panthaka. Pobowola, madzi akubowola amabayidwa mosalekeza m'chitsime kuti aziziziritsa pobowola ndikuyeretsa chitsimecho. Gawo la posungira limatanthawuza kutumiza posungira m'chitsime chigawo ndi gawo pambuyo pobowola mpaka kuya kwina kuti kulimbikitsa khoma la chitsime ndi kuteteza khoma la chitsime kuti lisagwe.

5. Kasamalidwe ka Wellbore
M'kati mwakuboola chitsime cha madzi, kasamalidwe ka chitsime ndi ulalo wofunikira. Kasamalidwe ka Wellbore makamaka kumaphatikizapo m'mimba mwake, kuyeretsa khoma la chitsime ndi kulimbikitsa, ndi zina zotero. Pobowola, ndikofunikira kusankha moyenerera m'mimba mwake molingana ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana zobowola ndi mikhalidwe ya pansi pa nthaka, ndikusunga khoma la chitsime kukhala laukhondo komanso lokhazikika pozizira komanso kuyeretsa madzimadzi pobowola.

6.Drilling kuya ndi liwiro
Kuzama kwa kubowola ndi liwiro la achobowolera madzi chitsimendi zizindikiro zofunika pobowola dzuwa. Kuzama kwa kubowola kumatsimikiziridwa ndi utali wa chitoliro chobowola ndi m'mimba mwake wa chitsime, pomwe liwiro la kubowola limakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga momwe zinthu zilili pansi pa nthaka, kapangidwe ka mapaipi obowola, ndi magwiridwe antchito a pobowola. Kuti muwonjezere kuya ndi kuthamanga kwa kubowola, muyenera kusankha mapaipi obowola oyenerera ndi zobowola, ndikusintha moyenerera magawo obowola, monga liwiro lozungulira, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndi zina zambiri.

Mwachidule, mfundo zamakina obowola madzimakamaka monga kubowola chitoliro ndi kubowola pang'ono, kubowola chitoliro kufalitsa mphamvu pobowola madzimadzi, ndondomeko kubowola, kasamalidwe wellbore, ndi pobowola kuya ndi liwiro. Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundozi moyenera, makina oboola zitsime zamadzi amatha kukumba bwino komanso kusamalira bwino zitsime.